# Bernard Leong | AI Strategy - Educate, Advise and Build
> Helping enterprises adopt Generative AI and enterprise-grade AI systems with rigor and clarity.
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## Pages
- [About Bernard Leong](https://www.bernardleong.com/biography-about-bernard-leong.md) - Bernard Leong is an AI strategist, educator, and founder of Dorje AI. He helps enterprises adopt Generative AI responsibly through executive workshops, enterprise advisory, and thought leadership.
- [Books](https://www.bernardleong.com/books.md) - Books, long-form projects, and structured writing by Bernard Leong.
- [Executive AI Education & Enterprise Advisory](https://www.bernardleong.com/corporate-offerings.md) - I provide AI Strategy and Executive Training from Leaders. Empowering boards and leadership teams to leverage Generative AI responsibly and effectively. Our services include: * Executive AI Workshops: Tailored for senior teams to understand, apply, and scale AI. * Strategic Advisory: Build AI roadm…
- [Engagements](https://www.bernardleong.com/engagements.md) - Here is a summary of Bernard Leong's past and present speaking and teaching engagements.
- [Hi I am Bernard Leong](https://www.bernardleong.com/home-about.md) - Hi, I’m Bernard Leong. I help leaders and organizations move generative AI from possibility to practice. My work combines technology, business strategy, and systems thinking — translating fast-moving AI capabilities into practical decisions, operating models, and enterprise-scale implementation. Ac…
- [Home Hero](https://www.bernardleong.com/home-hero.md) - Bernard Leong | AI Strategy - Educate, Advise and Build Transforming Generative AI from Theory to Execution AI strategy, enterprise-grade implementations, and executive education for global leaders Subscribe
- [Newsletter](https://www.bernardleong.com/newsletter.md) - Updates and longer-form reflections from Bernard Leong.
- [Press & Mentions](https://www.bernardleong.com/press-mentions.md) - * “Four honoured for IT Contributions”, Business Times, 8 March 2010. * “Securing an $800,000 change”, Straits Times, Digital Desk, 8 March 2010. * “Seeking out that Niche Market [https://storage.ghost.io/c/52/67/52673425-42c0-43c2-8b62-cdc32c0a4357/content/images/wordpress/2010/06/APDay2010_Biztim…
- [Publications & Patents](https://www.bernardleong.com/publications.md) - Here is a summary of publications and patents by Bernard Leong.
- [Subscribe](https://www.bernardleong.com/subscribe.md) - Get essays on AI strategy, technology, education, and the systems shaping business and society.
- [Teaching](https://www.bernardleong.com/teaching.md) - Here is a summary of the teaching work I do as an adjunct lecturer for different universities and educational institutions.
- [Writing](https://www.bernardleong.com/writing.md) - Essays on AI, strategy, education, technology, and systems thinking.

## Posts
- [Pragmatic Idealism](https://www.bernardleong.com/pragmatic-idealism-book.md) - Reflections: A collection of my essays compiled into a book if I ever publish it.
- [Safety by Subtraction: Why Anyone Serious About AI Agents Should Write Their Own Software](https://www.bernardleong.com/safety-by-subtraction-why-anyone-serious-about-ai-agents-should-write-their-own-software.md) - Serious agent work isn't prompt engineering. It's deciding what the model can't touch — and the strongest guardrail I shipped was a capability I deliberately left out.
- [The AI Operating System](https://www.bernardleong.com/the-ai-operating-system.md) - Currently the Working Title: The Enterprise Playbook for Executing AI from Scratch to Scale by Bernard Leong
- [Where Is Your AI Harness in the Enterprise?](https://www.bernardleong.com/where-is-your-ai-harness-in-the-enterprise.md) - The AI operating layer most enterprises have rented from twelve vendors by accident.
- [When Answers Are Free with AI, What Is Education For?](https://www.bernardleong.com/when-answers-are-free-with-ai-what-is-education-for.md) - AI reprices knowledge. The education systems built on knowledge accumulation are breaking. The question is whether we have the imagination to rebuild them.
- [When Code Gets Cheap, Judgment Gets Expensive - The Story of Building Arrakis Engine](https://www.bernardleong.com/when-code-gets-cheap-judgment-gets-expensive-the-story-of-building-arrakis-engine.md) - Building Arrakis Engine in 18 days proved one thing: AI pair programming lowers the cost of implementation while raising the value of judgment. Domain expertise remains irreplaceable.
- [Balancing Vision and Reality: The Startup Founder’s Dilemma](https://www.bernardleong.com/balancing-vision-and-reality-the-startup-founders-dilemma.md) - Every startup founder faces a conflict between bold vision and practical constraints, and success depends on balancing both.
- [The Privilege of a Lifetime is to Be Yourself](https://www.bernardleong.com/the-privilege-of-a-lifetime-is-to-be-yourself.md) - This is the note that I write for myself and read it whenever times are tough and difficult.
- [Index while Read](https://www.bernardleong.com/index-while-read.md) - In this essay, I discuss the skill of indexing after reading books specific to the field which I want to learn more and have the ability to remember key strategic decisions that will change the battles in a business war.
- [The Metaphorical Startup](https://www.bernardleong.com/the-metaphorical-startup.md) - While I have no ideas at the moment, I have a mental model in what kind of company that I want to build. In this essay, I share my “secret plan” to what & how this startup will look like in the future.
- [When Software meets Hardware (or Physical Assets)](https://www.bernardleong.com/when-software-meets-hardware-or-physical-assets.md) - In this essay, we discuss why hardware (or physical assets) imposes constraints to the disruptive nature of software startups with the failure of sustainable unit economics.
- [Thinking about Communication, Truth and Media with Thermodynamics](https://www.bernardleong.com/thinking-about-communication-truth-and-media-with-thermodynamics.md) - In this essay, I explain how these laws of thermodynamics have offered me perspectives to think analogously on communication, truth and media.
- [On Loyalty](https://www.bernardleong.com/on-loyalty.md) - In this essay, I explain why the virtue of loyalty is important to me and how I have incorporated the value into my tours of duty in my career.
- [Thinking about Cycles & Open Web](https://www.bernardleong.com/thinking-about-cycles-open-web.md) - In this essay, I updated my thinking on the cycles of open and close webs & the possibility of open web returning.
- [How The Economic Machine Works by Ray Dalio](https://www.bernardleong.com/how-the-economic-machine-works-by-ray-dalio.md) - In this short note, I share a video by Ray Dalio, author of "Principles" and "Big Debt Crises" on how the economic machine works.
- [How I write](https://www.bernardleong.com/how-i-write.md) - In this essay, I discuss the frameworks that I adopt behind my writing process.
- [How I Read](https://www.bernardleong.com/how-i-read.md) - In this short essay, I will explain how my reading framework works and offer some tips to how the reader improve their reading process.
- [How I think](https://www.bernardleong.com/how-i-think.md) - In this essay, I discuss the different mental models I adopt when I need to think about things critically.
- [Examining the Super App Strategy in Southeast Asia](https://www.bernardleong.com/examining-the-super-app-strategy-in-southeast-asia.md) - In this article, we examine the super app strategy adopted by the ride hailing companies in Southeast Asia.
- [How to shut down a zombie company gracefully](https://www.bernardleong.com/how-to-shut-down-a-zombie-company-gracefully.md) - In this article, I share the process in how I helped founders to shut down their zombie companies.
- [Recalibration of Value in the Sharing Economy Internet Companies](https://www.bernardleong.com/recalibration-of-value-in-the-sharing-economy-internet-companies.md) - In this article, I will explain what the true value of companies in the sharing economy is that they re-calibrate the value of the physical assets in that traditional industry which they seek to disrupt.
- [Perspectives on the 9-9-6 work ethic in China](https://www.bernardleong.com/perspectives-on-the-9-9-6-work-ethic-in-china.md) - In this article, I want to explain if the 9-9-6 work ethic is really sustainable for anyone out there and offer the perspective when 9-9-6 work ethic can work for an individual.
- [When you join a startup, Please keep your eyes wide open](https://www.bernardleong.com/when-you-join-a-startup-please-keep-your-eyes-wide-open.md) - In this essay, I explain why founders and employees in startups need to think about how their compensations are mapped to equity ownership and the risks involved.
- [Why the Bitcoin Value is not Zero](https://www.bernardleong.com/why-the-bitcoin-value-is-not-zero.md) - In this essay, I argue why the value of a bitcoin is not and never be zero and how it should be valued.
- [On Limited Time](https://www.bernardleong.com/on-limited-time.md) - In this essay, I reflect on the limited amount of time which I have, and how I should think about this from now to 65 and beyond.
- [Why Digital Transformations Fail  Case Studies II - Digital Assets are not Free](https://www.bernardleong.com/why-digital-transformations-fail-case-studies-ii-digital-assets-are-not-free.md) - In this article, I want to focus on a specific problem that is common with the mindsets of incumbent operators about digital assets.
- [When Leadership and Management differs](https://www.bernardleong.com/when-leadership-and-management-differs.md) - In this essay, I share my perspectives on the differences between leadership and management and how I navigate thru difficult situations.
- [Why Digital Transformations Fail Case Studies 1 - How to Align and Build a Corporate Website](https://www.bernardleong.com/why-digital-transformations-fail-case-studies-1-how-to-align-and-build-a-corporate-website.md) - In this article, I want to specifically drill down to a concrete example about why digital transformation can succeed and fail.
- [Why Digital Transformations Fail II - Fighting the Immune System & DNA of the Incumbent](https://www.bernardleong.com/why-digital-transformations-fail-ii-fighting-the-immune-system-dna-of-the-incumbent.md) - In the second of the "why digital transformations fail" series, I want to focus on explaining why the immune system of the company in the form of cultural and operational DNA pushes back the change effort and what the ways of mitigation that would or would not work.
- [Why Digital Transformations Fail I - The Incumbent & Disruptor Dilemma](https://www.bernardleong.com/when-digital-transformations-fail-i-the-incumbent-disruptor-dilemma.md) - I discuss incumbent & disruptor conundrum that are faced by executive leadership and board members.
- [What have I learned so far from taking my daughter through Khan Academy?](https://www.bernardleong.com/what-have-i-learned-so-far-from-taking-my-daughter-through-khan-academy.md) - I share the lessons on how I take my daughter through Khan Academy as an online learning tool.
- [Why Vertical Integration is my default choice of Strategy in Business](https://www.bernardleong.com/why-vertical-integration-is-my-default-choice-of-strategy-in-business.md) - In this essay, I will explain why I choose vertical integration as my default choice of strategy in business.
- [Bits to Atoms](https://www.bernardleong.com/bits-to-atoms-thinking-about-technology-business.md) - In this essay, I share my perspective on how to think in different scales from bits to atoms.
- [Define Your Own Narrative](https://www.bernardleong.com/define-your-own-narrative.md) - I share my career advice to others on why they should define their narrative and not let others write it for them.
- [Handling Layoffs in Startups](https://www.bernardleong.com/handling-layoffs-in-startups.md) - I share the framework in how to handle layoffs in startups and my personal experience in that situation.
- [Future of Mobility in Innovfest Unbound 2018](https://www.bernardleong.com/future-of-mobility-in-innovfest-unbound-2018.md) - I share the panel which I spoke in Innovfest Unbound 2018 on the future of mobility.
- [Learn from Everyone, Follow No One, Observe The Patterns & Work like Hell](https://www.bernardleong.com/the-only-career-advice-i-give-to-others.md) - I share my career advice in the form of twelve words so that they can figure out their lives.
- [Live to Fight Another Day](https://www.bernardleong.com/live-fight-another-day.md) - I share my perspectives on what happens if your startup is showing potential signs of failure and what you should do.
- [The Compassion Principle in Management](https://www.bernardleong.com/compassion-principle-management.md) - I share a principle which I often use in my management of teams.
- [Simplicity in Business](https://www.bernardleong.com/simplicity-in-business.md) - In this essay, I explain why simplicity in business creates the best moat against competition.
- [How Great Founders have convinced me within 15 minutes](https://www.bernardleong.com/how-great-founders-have-convinced-me-within-15-minutes.md) - In this essay, I share how great founders can convey their value proposition within 15 minutes of the conversation and convince me to invest.
- [Growing from a Product Manager to a Manager of Products](https://www.bernardleong.com/growing-from-a-product-manager-to-a-manager-of-products.md) - In this essay, I discuss how a product manager evolves into a manager of products and the mindset changes required.
- [How to Build the Right Product but not New Product](https://www.bernardleong.com/how-to-build-the-right-product-but-not-new-product.md) - In this essay, I share why one should build the right product and not a new product.
- [How to evaluate "Uber for X" companies](https://www.bernardleong.com/how-to-evaluate-uber-for-x-companies.md) - In this essay, I break down the criteria that one can use to evaluate "Uber for X" companies.
- [The Shokunin Way](https://www.bernardleong.com/the-shokunin-way.md) - In this essay, I discuss why the Shokunin way of craftsmanship inspires how I think and work in life.
- [Why I want to reach Flow again](https://www.bernardleong.com/want-reach-flow.md) - In this essay, I explain why I want to reach the state of flow and how it will help me to gain maximum performance.
- [The Future Media Barons of the World](https://www.bernardleong.com/future-media-barons-world.md) - In this essay, I explore the future state of media and where it will be leading towards.
- [Startups Dilemmas in Asia: Bad Revenues & Pivot](https://www.bernardleong.com/startups-dilemmas-asia-bad-revenues-pivot.md) - In this essay, I explore the startup founders' dilemma on bad revenues and how to pivot from the original idea to the next.
- [New Questions in Mobile: An Asian Perspective](https://www.bernardleong.com/new-questions-mobile-asian-perspective.md) - In this essay, I provide commentary to Benedict Evans' recent piece on "New Questions in Mobile".
- [Perspectives on Venture Capital in Asia](https://www.bernardleong.com/perspectives-venture-capital-asia.md) - In this essay, I sketch out some perspectives on venture capital in Asia.
- [Thoughts on Podcasting](https://www.bernardleong.com/thoughts-podcasting.md) - In this essay, I share my thoughts on podcasting and how the industry is evolving to the next stage.
- [Digital Disruption in Traditional Companies](https://www.bernardleong.com/digital-disruption-traditional-companies.md) - In this essay, I explain why digital disruption often happens in traditional industry where threats are ignored.
- [One in a Million @ 40s](https://www.bernardleong.com/one-in-a-million-40.md) - Sharing my thoughts on my personal journey as I turn 40 today and where I would like to be at 50 on 14 Oct 2014.
- [How to be a good product manager with business background](https://www.bernardleong.com/good-product-manager-business-background.md) - Here is my advice for business people in how they should be good product managers.
- [The Trouble with Two Sided Marketplaces (and how to deal with them)](https://www.bernardleong.com/trouble-two-sided-marketplaces-deal.md) - Here is an essay where I offer a simple solution in dealing with two sided marketplaces.
- [The Single Founder Dilemma](https://www.bernardleong.com/single-founder-dilemma.md) - In this essay, I take a contrarian view that you can be the single founder if and only if you satisfy a set of conditions.
- [New is Easy but Right is Hard: Hacking Product Management](https://www.bernardleong.com/new-is-easy-but-right-is-hard-hacking-product-management.md) - In this essay, I explain how it is important to adopt the principle of getting the right feature into a product than a new feature.
- [Initial Feedback & Next Steps on Open Source Angel Investment Templates](https://www.bernardleong.com/initial-feedback-next-steps-on-open-source-angel-investment-templates.md) - We share the feedback after the release of the open source angel investment legal documents templates.
- [Open-Source Angel Investment Templates](https://www.bernardleong.com/open-source-angel-investment-legal-templates-convertible-loan-shares.md) - Today, we launch and release an open-source angel investment templates in the same spirit of what Y-Combinator did in Silicon Valley for Singapore that encompass the great Southeast Asia entrepreneurial ecosystem.
- [Why I chose a corporate career after a failed startup](https://www.bernardleong.com/why-i-chose-a-corporate-career-after-a-failed-startup.md) - In this essay, I reflect why I chose a corporate career after a failed startup journey.
- [The Signal & the Noise](https://www.bernardleong.com/the-signal-the-noise-pr-marketing-startups.md) - In this essay, I shared some insights on working with users, media engagement and crisis management.
- [Minimum Viable Product](https://www.bernardleong.com/minimum-viable-product.md) - In this essay, I explain how a minimum viable product works and what the requirements are.
- [Debunking the Management Myth about In House vs Outsourced Engineering](https://www.bernardleong.com/debunking-the-management-myth-about-outsourcing-engineering.md) - In the past few years, most companies advocate the myth of outsourcing as a way to cut costs on engineering. One myth advocated by people in business strategy and operations to justify why it is better to outsource from an expensive place to a less expensive one is that only the specifications of t…
- [Building & Managing Technology Teams in Asia: Setup & Configuration of a Startup Team](https://www.bernardleong.com/building-managing-technology-teams-in-asia-3-setup-configuration-of-a-startup-team.md) - In this essay, I discuss what the initial setup and configuration of a technology team should look like in a startup.
- [Decisions: Fast and Slow](https://www.bernardleong.com/decisions-fast-and-slow.md) - In this essay, I explore the fasts and slows in making decisions.
- [Where you want to be depends on you](https://www.bernardleong.com/where-you-want-to-be-depends-on-you.md) - In this essay, I explain what you want to be depends on you regardless of where you are.
- [Strategy & Execution](https://www.bernardleong.com/reflecting-on-strategy-execution.md) - In this essay, I explain how strategy leads to execution.
- [Lessons from a University Society’s Constitution](https://www.bernardleong.com/lessons-from-a-university-societys-constitution.md) - A recent incident made me think about how being a founder and writing a constitution for a society which I built many years back.
- [My Network Fund](https://www.bernardleong.com/network-fund.md) - In this essay, I explain the guiding principles for my network fund.
- [Pragmatic Idealism](https://www.bernardleong.com/pragmatic-idealism.md) - In this essay, I explain the guiding principle of my life: pragmatic idealism.
- [Hiring Fast & Slow](https://www.bernardleong.com/thought-hiring-fast-slow.md) - I share my thoughts on when one should hire fast and slow in a startup.
- [If you control your distribution, you control your brand](https://www.bernardleong.com/opinion-if-you-control-your-distribution-you-control-your-brand.md) - In this essay, I offer three guiding principles to what I will not do in building the next company.
- [The Hardest Part about Bouncing Back from Failure](https://www.bernardleong.com/reflection-the-hardest-part-about-bouncing-back-from-failure.md) - In this essay, I reflect on the hardest part about bouncing back from failure.
- [That thing you (forget to) do part 3: Product management](https://www.bernardleong.com/that-thing-you-forget-to-do-part-3-product-management.md) - In the last part, we focus on product management and how start-up teams should generate, organize and analyze data that comes with the rollout of the beta product.
- [That thing you (forget to) do part 2: Product marketing](https://www.bernardleong.com/that-thing-you-forget-to-do-part-2-product-marketing.md) - In the follow up from part 1 of product management, I focus on two aspects in product marketing: distribution and public relations.
- [That Thing You (Forget to) Do Part 1: Product Development](https://www.bernardleong.com/that-thing-you-forget-to-do-part-1-product-development.md) - In this article, I will focus on product development and what lessons & best practices I have drawn from my own experiences.
- [How will you educate your children?](https://www.bernardleong.com/how-will-you-educate-your-children.md) - In this essay, I have distilled down to three principles that have given me the kind of culture I like to instill in my children in the future, regardless of where they will be schooled.
- [Building and Managing Tech Teams in Asia: Cultural Nuances & Scope Creep](https://www.bernardleong.com/building-and-managing-tech-teams-in-asia-2-cultural-nuances-scope-creep.md) - In this essay, I explain the problem of scope creep for technology teams and how to manage them.
- [Building & Managing Technology Teams in Asia: The Tech Conundrum](https://www.bernardleong.com/building-managing-technology-teams-in-asia-1-the-tech-conundrum.md) - In this essay, I debunk the cost argument and reveal the hidden costs in building technology, and discuss the issue of technical debt.
- [Are Property Prices affected by who you vote for?](https://www.bernardleong.com/are-property-prices-affected-by-who-you-vote-for.md) - In this essay, I explain whether the property prices are affected by who you vote for.
- [2010: A Year Worth Remembering](https://www.bernardleong.com/2010-a-year-worth-remembering.md) - Here is to a year worth remembering and the most important of all, is meeting my soulmate.
- [A Mathematical Solution to Eddington's Controversy Problem](https://www.bernardleong.com/a-mathematical-solution-to-eddingtons-controversy-problem.md) - In this essay, I discuss the solution to Eddington's controversy problem and break down how the solution is calculated, explain why Eddington's answer is different and reviewed why the set theory arguments can be constructed in a mis-leading way.
- [The Many Faces of Moderation](https://www.bernardleong.com/the-many-faces-of-moderation.md) - Last weekend, over a few drinks, Nicholas Aaron Khoo threw an interesting question to me that prompted his recent discussion on whether the Internet can be self-regulated [http://asia.cnet.com/blogs/geekonomics/post.htm?id=63009690]. The question has been examined in the early days from the submiss…
- [Buffon's Needle and Noodle Problem](https://www.bernardleong.com/buffon-needle-noodle-problem.md) - In this article, I break down the solution to the buffon needle & noddle problem and explain how it can be used to estimate pi.
- [Entrepreneurs' Basic Etiquette with Potential Investors](https://www.bernardleong.com/entrepreneurs-basic-etiquette-with-potential-investors.md) - In this essay, I examine the basic etiquette on how entrepreneurs should approach their investors.
- [The Economics about Banning Political Films](https://www.bernardleong.com/the-economics-about-banning-political-films.md) - In this essay, I explain the demand and supply with the impact of a political film to explain why banning section 35 is worse option for the ruling party in Singapore.
- [Community Moderation: Thoughts from the Internet Regulatory Reform Seminar](https://www.bernardleong.com/community-moderation-thoughts-from-the-internet-regulatory-reform-seminar.md) - As part of the work that I have done with other bloggers on the "Proposals for Internet Freedom in Singapore", we did a seminar and here are some of my thoughts outlined during that session in 2008.
- [Official Reply from Singapore Government on the Proposals for Internet Freedom](https://www.bernardleong.com/official-reply-from-singapore-government-on-the-proposals-for-internet-freedom.md) - Here is an archive on the government's response to the proposals for internet freedom which I have collaborated with other bloggers in 2008. The proposal is one of the best work that I have done and some of my contributions are turned into policy later.
- [Firing of BPL Football Managers and Maximal Efficiency](https://www.bernardleong.com/firing-of-bpl-football-managers-and-maximal-efficiency.md) - In this essay, I explain a research paper which I co-authored on examining the firing of English premiere league managers and what it means for the league reaching maximal efficiency.
- [Interpreting the "Light Touch"](https://www.bernardleong.com/interpreting-the-light-touch.md) - In this essay written in Singapore Angle many years back, I explained how one can interpret the government's light touch principle when it comes to speech.
- [The Birthday Problem](https://www.bernardleong.com/the-birthday-problem.md) - Here is my understanding of the birthday problem and how you can mathematically solve the problem and figure out its implications.
- [The Chronicles of Odex: the ISPs, the Downloaders and the Customers' Privacy](https://www.bernardleong.com/the-chronicles-of-odex-the-isps-the-downloaders-and-the-customers-privacy.md) - In this essay written in Singapore Angle, I examine the Odex legal case in 2007 and place some points for future discussion.
- [Seperated By a Mental Bridge: Thoughts on the Iskander Development Region](https://www.bernardleong.com/seperated-by-a-mental-bridge-thoughts-on-the-iskander-development-region.md) - In this essay written many years back in Singapore, I examine why Singapore and Malaysia are separated by a mental bridge.
- [A Dialogue concerning Two Medias](https://www.bernardleong.com/a-dialogue-concerning-two-medias.md) - In this essay written in Singapore many years back, I examine the dialogues between mainstream and social media and their differences.
- [What do Singaporeans mean by the private sector being better](https://www.bernardleong.com/what-do-singaporeans-mean-by-the-private-sector-being-better.md) - In this article from Singapore Angle many years back, I examine what Singaporeans mean by the private sector being better.
- [Why SAF Officers have fast track promotions](https://www.bernardleong.com/why-saf-officers-have-fast-track-promotions.md) - In this essay written in Singapore Angle many years back, I examine why military officers in Singapore Armed Forces have fast track promotions.
- [Revisiting the Gini Index](https://www.bernardleong.com/revisiting-the-gini-index.md) - In this essay written in Singapore Angle, I examine how the Gini co-efficient from the Department of Statistics in Singapore need to be revised due to transfer payments.
- [How far can we really go?](https://www.bernardleong.com/how-far-can-we-really-go.md) - In this essay from Singapore Angle many years ago, I discuss the limits of freedom of speech.
- [Non Sequitur Economics II: The Gini in Arabian Nights](https://www.bernardleong.com/non-sequitur-economics-ii-the-gini-in-arabian-nights.md) - In this essay written many years back in Singapore Angle, I examine the Gini coefficient and
- [Who should fund basic science?](https://www.bernardleong.com/who-should-fund-basic-science.md) - In this essay written in Singapore Angle, I examine who should fund basic science in Singapore.
- [What did they leave out?](https://www.bernardleong.com/what-did-they-leave-out.md) - Here's a short note after my TV appearance with the former foreign minister discussing the freedom of expression in Singapore.
- [A Teaser to "Big Boys Blogging"](https://www.bernardleong.com/a-teaser-to-big-boys-blogging.md) - This essay is written many years ago when I was part of Singapore Angle, and discuss my encounter with a minister in a TV show.
- [Non Sequitur Economics](https://www.bernardleong.com/non-sequitur-economics.md) - In this essay from Singapore many years back, I examine the non sequitur economics specifically on the consumer price index (CPI) and inflation rates.
- [Impact of US Midterm Elections to Singapore](https://www.bernardleong.com/impact-of-us-midterm-elections-to-singapore.md) - In this essay written in Singapore Angle, I examine the impact of US 2006 mid-term elections and its impact to Singapore.
- [Two Singapores](https://www.bernardleong.com/two-singapores.md) - This essay is written many years back in Singapore Angle about inequality and elitism.
- [Is Social Engineering still appropriate for Singapore?](https://www.bernardleong.com/is-social-engineering-still-appropriate-for-singapore.md) - This is an essay I have written on social engineering many years back in Singapore Angle.
- [Setting the Stage: PM's Rally Speech 2006](https://www.bernardleong.com/setting-the-stage-pms-rally-speech-2006.md) - In this essay written many years back in Singapore Angle, I reviewed the PM's rally speech in 2006, similar to the US president's state of the union.
- [A Reprise to "Bloggers and Politics"](https://www.bernardleong.com/a-reprise-to-bloggers-and-politics.md) - This is an article which I have written many years ago in Singapore on bloggers and politics.
- [Thriving without Intervention: Entrepreneurship in Perspective](https://www.bernardleong.com/thriving-without-intervention-entrepreneurship-in-perspective.md) - Here's an archived article which I have written in Singapore Angle many years back on how entrepreneur in Singapore can thrive with certain boundary conditions.
- [The Government should let the hotel open a bak chor mee stall](https://www.bernardleong.com/the-government-should-let-the-hotel-open-a-bak-chor-mee-stall.md) - Here is an archived article which I have written in Singapore Angle on demarcating the boundaries between mainstream and citizen journalism.
- [Can Singapore support Basic & Social Sciences?](https://www.bernardleong.com/can-singapore-support-basic-social-sciences.md) - Can Singapore support basic and social sciences? This is an archived article which I have written for the old Singapore Angle blog.
- [What if there is a Blogger Registration Act?](https://www.bernardleong.com/what-if-there-is-a-blogger-registration-act.md) - I discuss what if Singapore decides to institute a blogger registration act.
- [Aggregators, Blogs and Credibility: The "ABC" for Citizen Journalism](https://www.bernardleong.com/aggregators-blogs-and-credibility-the-abc-for-citizen-journalism.md) - In this article, I review the emergence of group blogs (aggregators & congregators) and explain how they can be important in closing the credibility gap in blogs, and indicate directions for future research in this area.

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